19 Ocak 2011 Çarşamba

The personal medical record: here we go

The personal medical record: here we go

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Si vous ne pourrez accéder directement sur Internet à votre dossier médical personnel (DMP) qu’à partir d’avril 2011, vous êtes dès maintenant invité à demander sa création auprès de votre médecin ou d’un établissement de santé. Le point sur le dossier médical personnel (DMP).

The DMP is what exactly?

With three years behind the medical personnel (DMP) was officially launched January 5, 2011. It is a tool for coordinating care and controlling health spending. It improves the quality of care and avoid unnecessary examinations. That said, it is entirely optional, each person can choose whether to open its WMD. Simply apply with a health professional with suitable computer equipment. Indeed, it is a computerized record. Once opened, it is not stored with your doctor but from a host of agreed data.



What data will be stored in the DMP?

* Reports of Physicians
* Requirements
* List of medicines
* Report of radiological examinations, ultrasound ...
* Report of medical tests
* Personal history of medical and surgical
* Vaccinations
* Allergies
* Letter from hospital discharge
* Etc..

Privacy DMP is controlled by the patient

As its name suggests, the record is personal. It is locked by a "national health identifier (different from the number INSEE), providing the patient to decide who may or may not have access to his file.

Finally, the patient has the option to hide data that does not wish to appear on his medical personnel (DMP). It is a kind of "right to oblivion", say the patient groups, who fought for this right!



Learn more

There is a website dedicated to medical personnel (DMP): www.dmp.gouv.fr and a phone number: WMD Info Service on 0810 33 00 33.

Intestinal flora: what, exactly?

Intestinal flora: what, exactly?

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Those hundreds of billions of bacteria live in our intestines ... and yet we have not even been presented. Here are some things to learn about our intestinal flora.

Flora intestinal bacteria that help us

Called intestinal flora all microorganisms (mainly bacteria) that live in our digestive tract. There are thousands of billions! More than one kilogram in total, and over one thousand different species. Often, the idea seems repulsive, because we are used to treat bacteria as enemies to be eliminated. However, the intestinal flora that shelters in our body is very important and even necessary to our existence.

What is the gut?


The primary role of the intestinal flora is purely tract. Indeed, some elements of our food can be digested without their intervention - such is the case of certain fibers. The bacteria will then consume and digest, producing the passage of nutrients we need, like certain vitamins.

In addition, bacteria in our gut flora have a very important role in immune because we protect them from pathogens (which cause illness). The presence of all bacteria in effect makes the survival of other germs harder: the food is harder to find, just as places to stay. In addition, the intestinal flora changes the pH of the intestine which thus becomes a hostile place for germs. This role explains why treatment with antibiotics, made to eliminate some bacteria and thus unbalance the intestinal flora, promote the occurrence of diarrhea, sometimes severe. As "good" bacteria are eliminated in part, this leaves more scope for "bad" so we can make them sick.

How to encourage a healthy balance of intestinal flora?


Two factors favor the intestinal flora: prebiotics and probiotics.

Prebiotics

These molecules are not digested in our intestines will be consumed by the bacterial flora. It is therefore important to eat enough. You'll find in fruits and honey, but you can also find food supplements of prebiotics.

Probiotics

They are simply bacteria or yeasts, whose species are beneficial, and which theoretically will settle in the gut once we have swallowed. It is now possible to find many products, especially milk, fortified with probiotics. Beware though, it is difficult to ensure that they survive the passage through the stomach ... If your gut is unbalanced and you often suffer intestinal problems, consult your doctor about dietary supplements containing probiotics.

18 Ocak 2011 Salı

Influenza and pregnancy: should we vaccinate pregnant women?

Influenza and pregnancy: should we vaccinate pregnant women?

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Is it dangerous to catch the flu? What are the risks to the pregnant woman to the fetus? Can I get vaccinated against the flu during pregnancy? Every pregnant woman is asking these questions during an epidemic influenza. What should I know?

Influenza: pregnancy is a risk period

Each year, the government stressed the importance of immunization of persons 65 years and older and people with a long-term illness. For populations at risk, the vaccine against influenza is supported 100% by insurance. But there are other risk populations, including pregnant women. This is precisely why health insurance has expanded (end December 2010) of free vaccine to all pregnant women.

What are the risks to pregnant women and fetuses?

Vaccination against influenza is recommended even for pregnant women at risk of developing complications. The effects of influenza virus during pregnancy and the fetus are difficult to study. But according to one study, the flu in late pregnancy multiplies by 4.7 the risk of being hospitalized for cardiorespiratory complications. Some studies also show an increased risk of fetal infection with particular cardiac manifestations. However, no congenital anomaly, or any influence on birth weight were associated with influenza infection. In the new-born now, we know that infection can be fatal and the risk of hospitalization for influenza infection is twice between 0 and 6 months compared to older children.
If this picture may seem scary to some (s), note that these complications are rare, particularly among pregnant women who have no particular risk. But why take risks when there is a vaccine? Finally, let us not forget that flu is the largest provider of mowing layer. Ultimately, it is perfectly logical that the vaccine is free for pregnant women!

To date, no adverse effects of vaccination have been reported, both in pregnancy that the fetus or the newborn. Some studies have even followed the children until the age of 7 years.

Meanwhile, pregnant women are more frequent contact with young children. But if the flu virus occurs annually in the general population 10% of adults, it reaches up to 30% of children (and yes, we often forget that children are prime targets of the virus and then contribute greatly to the spread of the virus). Thus an estimated 5 to 22% the number of pregnant women affected by HIV each year.

In conclusion, it is useful for pregnant women to get vaccinated, and especially since they are in contact with children.
For those who are not immunized, they may act as a barrier to the virus by vaccinating children living at home.

Published by Isabelle Eustace on 06/11/2006 - 01:00
Updated by Isabelle Eustache 18/01/2011 - 4:15 p.m.

Sources: 19th European meeting of influenza and its prevention, group research and information on influenza, 5-6 October 2006, Paris, Press Release Roche, October 2006.

Gastro enteritis not pass me by!

Gastro enteritis not pass me by!

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This inflammation of the intestines, most often due to infection, leads to a temporary indisposition. Highly contagious, it can however prevent gastroenteritis due to health precautions. Benign, but it can be dangerous in infants and the elderly due to risk of dehydration.

A cause diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, gastroenteritis causes also a weakness, fatigue, accompanied by abdominal pain. Very common in winter, but it can occur throughout the year and also during a trip.

Usually due to a viral infection but bacterial gastroenteritis lasts only a few days.

Against gastroenteritis due to hygiene

Gastroenteritis is highly contagious. It is spread by fecal contamination of food or water. In other words, it is imperative to ensure they wash their hands after using the toilet and make sure to prepare food in hygienic conditions (hand washing, work plan, food ...). If a case of gastroenteritis was reported in the family, it is advisable to disinfect toys shared by several children in order to prevent its spread.

Be aware that some bacteria can also produce toxins in foods stored improperly. Gastroenteritis resulting falls in food poisoning. It is well advised to avoid raw foods (meat, fish, salads, vegetables) where hygiene is questionable, at some trips by example, and be wary of raw seafood.

To relieve

Gastroenteritis usually disappear spontaneously. Meanwhile, it is necessary to calm the digestive system and to hydrate.

* Avoid eating for nausea and abdominal pain. Subsequently, reinsert neutral food (bananas, rice, bread ...). However, avoid coffee, alcohol and dairy products. Contrary to popular belief, do coke, too aggressive for a stomach already returned.
* In all cases, very regularly compensate for water loss in drinking water.
* Use extreme caution with infants and elderly as dehydration can occur very quickly. Rehydration packets are typically required. Parents of infants should always have on hand.
* Probiotics are beneficial intestinal bacteria, as food supplements, may help relieve symptoms.
* In case of significant symptoms, consult your doctor or pharmacist, you may advise against an antispasmodic abdominal pain and / or recommend paracetamol or a drug to slow transit and calm diarrhea.
* In all cases, no improvement, consult your doctor.

A complementary test against nausea

An infusion of ginger against nausea, or an infusion of peppermint.

Lie down and breathe calmly, a cool washcloth on his forehead.

Symptoms of diabetes: how early detection?

Symptoms of diabetes: how early detection?

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It is estimated that between 500,000 and 800,000 French people have diabetes they ignore. However, it is essential to detect diabetes before the onset of complications associated with this disease. Professor Patrick Vexiau * clear symptoms suggestive of diabetes and those most at risk.

Can you have diabetes without knowing it? How then carried the diagnosis of diabetes?

Professor Patrick Vexiau: YES, you can have diabetes without knowing it. It is currently estimated that there are between 500,000 and 800,000 people with diabetes are unaware that France, more than 3 million known diabetics. Specifically, data from the UKPDS (United of Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study) showed that the actual onset of diabetes ahead of them 8 to 10 years diagnosed with the disease. Over 80% of cases, diabetes is diagnosed during a blood test requested as a routine. In the cardiac intensive care units, 20% of patients are actually suffering from diabetes and half of them are diagnosed at this hospital, and therefore acute coronary complications. Thus, in many people, the diagnosis of diabetes is made on the occasion of a complication of the disease, knowing that it occurs ten years or more after the onset of diabetes, thus confirming the diagnosis is often overlooked during an entire decade.

How to spot symptoms of diabetes?

Professor Patrick Vexiau: Symptoms suggestive of the existence of diabetes are polyuria polydipsia syndrome, that is to say the appearance of a large thirst due to the fact that the patient urinate frequently, especially at night, who wakes up and needs to stand up. However, these symptoms only appear when the sugar appears in the urine, which occurs when blood glucose exceeds 1.80 g / l. In practice this means that blood sugar is well above 2 g / l when these symptoms are visible. So often associated weight loss. Thus, when these symptoms occur, the diagnosis is already very late. We must therefore insist that this is not directly on the symptoms associated with diabetes need to discuss the disease, but before the events that predispose to diabetes:

* Above all, the existence of family history. If a parent has become known diabetes at the age of 50 years and was ignored for 10 years, the disease has therefore emerged around the age of 40. Then 35 years from a systematic search should be performed periodically in children.
* The existence of other abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, hypertension or unexplained inflammation, should be investigated, metabolic syndrome, which is frequently associated with diabetes.
* Finally, lack of physical activity and overweight are major factors indicating a genetic predisposition to diabetes. Patients are less active and / or overweight should regularly check the existence of diabetes, especially when obesity is android (abdominal obesity).
* We know that diabetic patients have often had big babies at birth. Thus, any woman who had a baby weighing more than 4.5 kg should be periodically scan diabetes.

It is only a screening and systematic research that can arrive early enough to diagnose and therefore treat diabetes, to avoid complications.

Tobacco: what are the reasons you smoke?

Tobacco: what are the reasons you smoke?

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To stop smoking, it is important to consider why you want to smoke. You can more easily resist your cravings, change your behavior or develop avoidance strategies. We propose here to pass the Test Horn.

Explore why you want to smoke today

In this test, be honest with yourself. It will help you better understand what motivates you to smoke today, implying that if you do not stop soon, or if you resume smoking, you can board this test, because your reasons have changed since then.

You must enter your number of points for each of these 18 suggestions as follows.

Then refer to the results

Never = 1 point

Rarely = 2 points

On the occasion = 3 points

Often = 4 points

Always = 5 points

A. I smoke to keep myself in shape.
B. Holding a cigarette is part of the pleasure of smoking.
C. I enjoy smoking, I relax.
D. I light a cigarette when I'm angry for one reason or another.
E. When I'm out of cigarettes, I just can not stand, it is necessary that I provide.
F. I smoke cigarettes automatically without being aware.
G. I smoke cigarettes to stimulate me, to give me a boost.
H. The act of lighting a cigarette is part of the pleasure of smoking.
I. I find cigarettes pleasurable.
J. When I feel uncomfortable or upset by something, I light a cigarette.
K. When I do not smoke, I'm very aware.
L. I light a cigarette without realizing that I already have one burning in the ashtray.
M. I smoke a cigarette like dating.
N. When I smoke, watching the smoke as I exhale part of the fun.
O. The moment I most desire to smoke is when I'm good and relaxed.
P. When I have the blues or I do not want to think, I smoke.
Q. I'm really craving a cigarette when I have not smoked for a while.
R. Sometimes I realize that I have a cigarette in his mouth without remembering to be set.

Test results of Horn

Total your points for each set of questions as indicated.

A + G + M => 11 => You smoke in order to stimulate

B + H + N => 11 => for fun You smoke gesture

C + I + O => 11 => You smoke to relax

D + J + P => 11 => Smoking gives you support and help you manage your anxiety

E + K + Q => 11 => Smoking is an uncontrollable urge you to

F + L + R => 11 => You smoke out of habit

Once you have identified the major reasons, you can more easily establish effective strategies to reduce or stop smoking.

Published by Isabelle Eustache 14/01/2011 - 3:47 p.m.

Sources: Test Horn

Why do some women have a big belly?

Why do some women have a big belly?

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A small flat belly well, we all dream! Alas, this is not given to everyone and the risk of having a big belly increases with age. At a minimum, find an explanation and focus on solutions.

Big belly and if it was a stroke of genetics?

There are two types of morphology, and gynoid android. The first is typically female: fat cells tend to accumulate in the legs, thighs and buttocks. The android is inversely male, with preferential localization to the stomach. Between the two, anything is possible. That women have a morphology more or less gynoid dictated by their genetics. Thus, some women tend to take belly while others do not.

Big belly, attention to menopause!

With the cessation of hormonal secretion during menopause, the morphology of women is changing from a silhouette to gynoid android. In other words, fat distribution changes from the belly of the thighs. Thus, postmenopausal women who take a little more rounded belly grow, while they are refined legs.

Women taking hormone replacement therapy for menopause retain a morphology gynoid. But others must be careful because taking belly is a cardiovascular risk factor. Do not exceed 88 cm waist (and 102 cm for men)!

Constipation increases the risk of having a big belly

Constipation is a digestive disorder very common among women, increasing the risk of bloating and swelling belly. So to keep a flat stomach, it is imperative to fight against constipation.

Here are the basics:

Drink plenty of water throughout the day. However, avoid soft drinks and alcohol. Increase the share of fruit and cooked vegetables rich in fiber (beans, salads, plums, prunes ...), but limit the vegetables. Avoid fatty foods (pastries, stews, fried ...). Also avoid simple sugars (sweets, desserts, white bread), focusing on the carbohydrates, preferably whole grains.

A sedentary lifestyle gives belly

Without sufficient abdominal muscles, the belly is not maintained, may give an impression of belly fat. One solution, to fight against a sedentary lifestyle and do exercise regularly and throughout his life. According to his age and physical abilities: walking, biking, swimming, gymnastics ...

If not, at any age, there are exercises to strengthen his abdominal muscles. A small daily sessions of 10 minutes is very effective!

In the end, nothing is inevitable. We can fight against a tendency not androgynous if only through sport and through food (fight against constipation and weight gain, even a small steady decline in calorie intake since with the age, calorie needs decrease gradually!).

17 Ocak 2011 Pazartesi

Cholesterol and Fats: Learn how to read a label!

Cholesterol and Fats: Learn how to read a label!



It is not always easy to find in abundance of food is set before us, let alone when you have too much cholesterol. How can I be sure to identify products that contain fats and know how much? In this area, decipher the labels is particularly helpful. Here's how you go about to read a label.

The role of diet in cholesterol

Our body, specifically our liver produces itself much cholesterol. But our supply is also providing. If it makes too much cholesterol increases and becomes too high. Losing weight is a very effective way to lower cholesterol. It is then necessary to rebalance your diet and practicing regular physical activity sufficient.

Supply side, priority should be given to lower intakes of fat and saturated fat. Learn to read labels is particularly helpful in this area, because in addition to the visible fat say, there are so-called hidden fats.

Fat visible or hidden?

Butter, margarine, cream, oil, mayonnaise, fatty meat, etc.., are visible fat you can estimate the amount consumed. In fact, when you put butter on bread, sour cream on green beans or oil in a salad, you control the amount added.

However, many fats are involved in the intimate constitution of food and you do not know how much. Sometimes, we do not doubt that some foods contain. These are fats known as "hidden. "

For example: meat, meat, cheese, milk, dairy products, ice cream, eggs, fatty fish, chips, chips, nuts (olive, avocado, walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, peanuts ...) but also plenty of sweet pastries, cookies , cakes, pastries, chocolate, etc..

If you can read the labels, you can halve your daily intake of fat, which is great for your weight and reduce your cholesterol.

Remember to read labels to lose weight and lower your cholesterol

Energy intake or caloric intake

This value corresponds to 100 g of calories for. It is usually indicated in kilocalories (kcal), and sometimes in kilojoules (kJ). The conversion is: 1 kcal = 4.18 kJ.

Namely: it is indeed kilocalories or kcal, but very often in common parlance, we talk about calories. You should therefore result in kilocalories.

Fat percentage (BF)

Some products show the percentage of fat (MF). This is the case of dairy products. But beware, for dairy products and cheeses, the percentage of MG is reported to dry, that is to say what remains of the product once the moisture (water) removed. Take the example of a quark to 43% fat and 82% humidity. It does not 43g fat, but (100-82) x 43 / 100 or 7.7 g.

Lipid content and acid

The fat content of a product is listed in the column "fat". Often, it is detailed, showing below the rate of total fat, saturated fatty acids that, unsaturated and polyunsaturated. The aim is that the rate of saturated fatty acids is as low as possible, because they are harmful fats in the body.

Finally be sure to read the ingredient list, looking for "or fats or hydrogenated fats transhydrogénées. These fats are derived from industrial processing making unhealthy. Products containing them are thus limited, but ideally you want to see on a similar product does not indicate the presence of such fats.

Namely: the ingredients are listed by decreasing quantity. In other words, the higher an ingredient appears first in the list over quantity in the product is high.

Percentage of RDA or RDI

By consulting the recommended daily intakes or recommended daily intakes (expressed as percentages), you ensure that the product consumed for a given amount will cover your needs in part or in whole for essential nutrients: protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals . This allows you to balance your meals of the day.

Remember that everything is about balance, neither too much nor too little food as diverse as possible!